Fellah

Fellah ( arap. فَلَّاح‎‎ فَلَّاح fallāḥ ; zenan فَلَّاحَة fallāḥa ; köplük fellaheen ýa- da fellahin, فلاحين , fallāḥīn ) daýhan, adatça Ýakyn Gündogarda we Demirgazyk Afrikada daýhan ýa-da oba hojalygy işgäri. Bu söz arapça "sürüji" ýa-da "ekinçi" sözünden gelip çykýar.

Gadymy müsürlileriň ynançlary we durmuş ýörelgeleriniň dowamlylygy sebäpli, Müsüriň kärdeşi "hakyky müsürliler" hökmünde häsiýetlendirildi. ^[1]

Bir galabieh ( jellabiya ) atly ýönekeý Müsür pagta eşigini geýip bolýar. Galabieh sözi takmynan 1715-25-nji ýyllarda döräp, Müsüriň gallabīyah sözünden gelip çykypdyr.

Gelip çykyşy we ulanylyşy

"Fellahin", Yslam döwründe Eastakyn Gündogarda ýerli obalylara we daýhanlara degişlidir. " Daýhan" ýa-da "daýhan " hökmünde terjime edilýär. ^[2]^[3]

Fellahin effendi (ýer eýeçiligi synpy) bilen tapawutlanýar, ^[4] bu sebitdäki kärdeşler kärendeçi daýhan, ownuk kärendeçi bolup ýa-da umumy eýeçilikdäki obada ýaşap biler. ^[5] ^[6] Beýlekiler bolsa “ Fellahin ” adalgasyny diňe ýersiz işçiler üçin ulanýardylar. ^[7]

Müsürde

Araplar Müsüri basyp alandan soň, ýerli daýhanlaryň köpçüligini fellahin (daýhanlar ýa-da daýhanlar) diýip atlandyrdylar, sebäbi gadymy oba hojalygy we topraklaryna birikmek söwdasy bolan ýewreýlerden we greklerden (arap dilinde Rum ) tapawutlydy. dolandyryjy synpdy. Wagtyň geçmegi bilen bu at etniki häsiýete eýe boldy we arap elitalary belli bir derejede "ýerli müsürliler" bilen manydaş manyda peýdalanypdyrlar. Şeýle hem hristian müsürli yslam dinini kabul edeninde oňa "ýeňiji" ýa-da "ýeňiji" diýilýän falih diýilýär.^[8]

Häzirki wagtda daýhanlar Müsür ilatynyň 60% -ini emele getirýär, ^[9] kärdeşleri kiçigöwünli durmuşda ýaşaýarlar we gadymy ata-babalary ýaly palçykdan ýasalan jaýlarda ýaşamagyny dowam etdirýärler. Olaryň göterimi 20-nji asyryň başynda, müsürli kärdeşleriň şäherlere we şäherlere köp gelmezinden has ýokarydy. 1927-nji ýylda Upperokarky Müsüriň “Fellahin” kitabynyň awtory antropolog Winifred Blekman, ýokarky müsürli daýhanlaryň durmuşy barada etnografik gözleg geçirdi we fellahiniň medeni we dini ynançlary bilen gadymy müsürlileriň arasynda yzygiderli dowam etdirilýär diýen netijä geldi. ^[10]

Lewantda

“ Lewant ” -da fellahin sözi arameýler ýaly arap däl semit halklaryny hem aňladýar. Fallah sözi Demirgazyk Afrikanyň we Eastakyn Gündogaryň birnäçe sebitinden, şol sanda Kipr sebitlerinden bolan ýerli ilat üçin ulanylýar.

Dobrujada

XIX asyrda Osmanly Siriýasynyň käbir musulman Fellah maşgalalary şol wagt Osman imperiýasynyň bir bölegi bolan Dobruja ornaşdy we Rumyniýanyň türkleri we tatarlary bilen doly birleşdi we haçly boldy.^[11]

Salgylar

↑ Pateman, Robert & Salwa El-Hamamsy (2003). Egypt. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. p. 54. ISBN 9780761416708.
↑ "Fellahin - Fallahin - Falih - Aflah'", maajim.com (maajam dictionary)
↑ Masalha, Nur (2005). Catastrophe Remembered: Palestine, Israel and the Internal Refugees: Essays in Memory of Edward W. Said (1935–2003). Zed Books. p. 78.
↑ Warwick P. N. Tyler, State Lands and Rural Development in mandatory Palestine, 1920–1948, Sussex Academic Press, 2001, p. 13
↑ Hillel Cohen, Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948, University of California Press, 2008, p. 32
↑ Sandra Marlene Sufian, Healing the Land and the Nation: Malaria and the Zionist Project in Palestine, 1920–1947, University of Chicago Press, 2007, p. 57
↑ Michael Gilsenan, Lords of the Lebanese Marches: Violence and Narrative in an Arab Society, I. B. Tauris, 2003, p. 13
↑ "Fellahin - Fallahin - Falih - Aflah'", maajim.com (maajam dictionary)
↑ "Who Are the Fellahin?" Biot #312: December 24, 2005. SEMP, Inc.
↑ Faraldi, Caryll (11–17 May 2000). "A genius for hobnobbing". Al-Ahram Weekly. Arxivləşdirilib: [1] saytından 1 December 2017 tarixində. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201080842/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/481/bk3_481.htm.
↑ Grigore, George. "George Grigore. "Muslims in Romania", ISIM Newsletter (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World) no. 3, Leiden. 1999: 34".

[pate2-1] Pateman, Robert & Salwa El-Hamamsy (2003). Egypt. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. p. 54. ISBN 9780761416708.

[dictionary3-2] "Fellahin - Fallahin - Falih - Aflah'", maajim.com (maajam dictionary)

[3] Masalha, Nur (2005). Catastrophe Remembered: Palestine, Israel and the Internal Refugees: Essays in Memory of Edward W. Said (1935–2003). Zed Books. p. 78.

[4] Warwick P. N. Tyler, State Lands and Rural Development in mandatory Palestine, 1920–1948, Sussex Academic Press, 2001, p. 13

[5] Hillel Cohen, Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948, University of California Press, 2008, p. 32

[6] Sandra Marlene Sufian, Healing the Land and the Nation: Malaria and the Zionist Project in Palestine, 1920–1947, University of Chicago Press, 2007, p. 57

[7] Michael Gilsenan, Lords of the Lebanese Marches: Violence and Narrative in an Arab Society, I. B. Tauris, 2003, p. 13

[dictionary2-8] "Fellahin - Fallahin - Falih - Aflah'", maajim.com (maajam dictionary)

[9] "Who Are the Fellahin?" Biot #312: December 24, 2005. SEMP, Inc.

[note5-10] Faraldi, Caryll (11–17 May 2000). "A genius for hobnobbing". Al-Ahram Weekly. Arxivləşdirilib: [1] saytından 1 December 2017 tarixində. https://web.archive.org/web/20171201080842/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/481/bk3_481.htm.

[11] Grigore, George. "George Grigore. "Muslims in Romania", ISIM Newsletter (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World) no. 3, Leiden. 1999: 34".

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