Ýuriý Nikulin sahypasynyň çeşmesini gör

{{Infobox writer
| name               = Yuri Nikulin<br />{{small|Юрий Никулин}}
| image              = Юрий Никулин1 (cropped).jpg
| imagesize          = 230px
| caption            = 
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1921|12|18|df=y}}
| death_date         = {{death date and age|1997|8|21|1921|12|18|df=y}}<ref name="indy">{{cite news |author1=D.Nevil |title=Obituary: Yuri Nikulin |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-yuri-nikulin-1246656.html |access-date=26 July 2020 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=22 August 1997}}</ref>
| birth_place        = [[Demidov, Smolensk Oblast|Demidov]], [[Smolensk Governorate]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|RSFSR]]
| death_place        = [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]
| resting_place      = [[Novodevichy Cemetery]], Moscow
| occupation         = Aktýor, masgarabaz, jaňçy, aýdymçy
| title              = [[Hero of Socialist Labour]] (1990) [[People's Artist of the USSR]] (1973)
}}

'''Ýuriý Wladimirowiç Nikulin''' (''[[Rusça]] : Юрий Владимирович Никулин''; 1921-nji ýylyň 18-nji dekabry - 1997-nji ýylyň 21-nji awgusty) Sowet we Rus aktýory we köp meşhur filmlerde rol alan palçydy. Leonid Gaidai -iň ''“The Diamond Arm and Kidnapping”'' , ''“Kawkaz stili”'' ýaly komediýalardaky rollary bilen iň meşhur, kämahal dramatiki rollarda oýnap, [[Moskwa]] sirkinde çykyş edenem bolsa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Rus we Sowet kinosynyň taryhy sözlügi|author=Peter Rollberg|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2009|place=US|ISBN=978-0-8108-6072-8|pages=488-489}}</ref>

1973-nji ýylda SSSR-iň Halk suratkeşi we 1990-njy ýylda Sosialistik zähmet gahrymany diýen ada eýe boldy. Şeýle hem, ömründe iki gezek alan abraýly Leniniň ordeni ýaly birnäçe döwlet baýraklaryna eýe boldy.
==Terjimehaly==
===Irki ýyllar===
Nikulin [[Russiýa]]nyň raýat urşy gutarandan soň, Smolensk welaýatynyň Demidow şäherinde dünýä indi. Kakasy [[Wladimir Andreýewiç]] tankytçy, satirik oýunlaryň awtory we Demidowyň ýerli drama teatrynda režissýordy. Ýuriniň ejesi Lidiýa ol ýerde aktrisa bolup, 1920-nji ýyllaryň başynda durmuş gurup, 1925-nji ýylda [[Moskwa]] göçüpdirler.

Ýuriý [[Moskwa]]nyň 16-njy abraýly mekdebe girdi we tiz wagtdan mekdep pedologyndan “çäkli çaga” üçin oňaýsyz häsiýet aldy. Masgaralanan kakasy mekdebe gelip, Ýuriýniň ýagty çagadygyny subut edip, mugallym bilen ýüzbe-ýüz boldy. Wladimir Nikulin mekdebiň drama klubyna ýolbaşçylyk etdi, häzirki zaman dramaturglaryny sahnalaşdyrdy we Ýuriý ol ýerde höwesjeň suratkeşdi. Sekizinji synpda 346-njy mekdebe 'orta mekdep' hasaplandy. 1939-njy ýylda okuwy gutardy, birnäçe aýyň içinde harby gulluga çagyryldy.
===Ikinji jahan urşy===
[[File:Юрий Владимирович Никулин с однополчанами 2.jpg|thumb|220px|Ýuri (çepde ikinji, 1 hatar) ýoldaşlary bilen, 1943-1944]]
Nikulin 1939-njy ýylyň 18-nji noýabrynda, 17 ýaşynda Gyzyl Goşuna çagyryldy. Dekabr aýynda Sestroretsk şäheriniň golaýynda uçara garşy batareýa bilen [[Finlýandiýa]] bilen Gyş söweşine iberildi. Mannerheim liniýasyndaky söweşlerde ol telpekçi bolup işledi we bir gezek -30 ° C-de sumkanyň üstünde rulondan 2 km sim goýmagy buýurdy. Şol gije, garda uklap, serhet gullugy tarapyndan bagtyna halas edilen missiýadan soň gaty ýadady. Gaty aýazdan ejir çekýärdi we ömrüniň ahyryna aýaklary aňsatlyk bilen doňupdy. Sagaldylandan soň öz bölümine gaýdyp geldi.<ref name=aif>{{cite web
 |language      = ru
|author=Danilevich, H.
 |url         =https://spb.aif.ru/culture/person/kloun_na_fronte_kak_yuriy_nikulin_zashchishchal_podstupy_k_leningradu
 |title       = Клоун на фронте. Как Юрий Никулин защищал подступы к Ленинграду
|trans-title=Clown on Battlefield: How Yuri Nikulin Participated in Defense of Leningrad
 |publisher   =Argumenti i Fakti
 |date        = 2016-12-18
 |access-date  = 2020-12-03
}}</ref>

1941-nji ýylda nemesleriň Sowet Soýuzyna çozmagy başlanda Nikulin demobilizasiýa garaşýardy. 1942-nji ýylda batareýasy gabalan [[Leningrad]]yň golaýynda ýerleşýärdi. 1944-nji ýylda ýene gudrat bilen ölümden gutuldy - çukur gaçybatalgasyndan çykandan birnäçe sekunt soň agyr artilleriýa raketasy bilen uruldy. Şol ýylda ol basyp alan obada sim gurmak üçin komandiriň ýalňyşlygy bilen nemes esgerleri tarapyndan diňe şowlulyk bilen öldürilmedi. Uruş gutarandan soň diňe 1946-njy ýylda goşun gullugyndan boşadyldy.
===Sirk karýerasy===
Nikulin ilkinji gezek 1944-nji ýylda öz batalýonyndaky bir syýasy işgäri, degişme repertuaryna haýran galyp, özüne bölünişik üçin güýmenje guramagy buýranda, özüni üstünlik bilen ýerine ýetirdi. Uruş gutarandan soň , Nikulin Russiýanyň Teatr sungat instituty, Mihail Şepkin ýokary teatr mekdebine girmäge synanyşdy. Ahyrynda Noginsk teatr mekdebine kabul edildi, ýöne tiz wagtdan pikirini üýtgetdi we Moskwa Sirkus mekdebine girdi.

Nikuliniň stili we takyk eltişi, şeýle hem wagt ussatlygy we gülkünç maskalary ony görnükli komediýa etdi.<ref>[http://www.mk.ru/social/2014/10/26/skonchalas-vdova-yuriya-nikulina.html Татьяна Никулина ушла из жизни на 85-м году жизни], mk.ru; accessed 10 February 2018.{{in lang|ru}}</ref> Soňra SSSR-iň iň meşhur palçy Karandaşyň kömekçisi bolup başlady . Sirk mekdebinde Nikulin Mihail Şuidin bilen tanyşdy, masgarabaz jübütini döretdiler we tutuş karýerasynda bilelikde çykyş etdiler.<ref>{{cite web
 |language      = en
|author=nevil, D.
 |url         =https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-yuri-nikulin-1246656.html
 |title       = Obituary: Yuri Nikulin
 |work   =The Independent
 |date        = 1997-08-22
 |access-date  = 2020-12-03
}}</ref>

Uzukda Nikulin sypaýy, haýal we göwni açyk adam oýnady, Günbatarda Buster Kiton we [[Çarli Çaplin]] bilen deňeşdirildi. Mimikasiýa baý, manyly sözlere baý Nikulin [[Russiýa]]nyň daşyndaky “beýni palçy” hökmünde garşylandy.<ref>{{cite web
 |language      =en
 |url         =https://www.economist.com/obituary/1997/08/28/yuri-nikulin
 |title       = Yuri Nikulin
 |publisher   =The Economist
 |date        = 1997-08-28
 |access-date  = 2020-12-03
}}</ref>

Rus çagalary tarapyndan "Ýura daýza" diýlip atlandyrylýan Nikulin, esasan, 20-nji asyryň iň gowy palçylaryndan biri hökmünde taryhda öz ornuny gazanmak üçin akyllaryna bil baglady.<ref>[http://zapiski-rep.ucoz.ru/publ/4-1-0-261 Кошмарные сны Максима Никулина о телевидении — Интервью с намёком], zapiski-rep.ucoz.ru; accessed 10 February 2018.{{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://r-g-d.org/N/nikulin.htm Российское Генеалогическое Древо] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130225181105/http://r-g-d.org/N/nikulin.htm|date=25 February 2013}}</ref> 60 ýaşynda palçy hökmünde çykyş etmegini bes etdi, "palçy çal bolmaly däl, gaty gynandyryjy görünýär".<ref name=1tv>{{cite web
 |language      =ru
 |url         =https://www.1tv.ru/news/2011-12-18/109990-90_let_nazad_rodilsya_lyubimets_strany_yuriy_nikulin 
 |title       = 90 лет назад родился любимец страны — Юрий Никулин
|trans-title=90 Anniversary of Russia Most Loved Actor
 |publisher   = 1TV
 |date        = 2011-12-18
 |access-date  = 2020-12-04
}}</ref>

===Kino===
[[File:Юрий Никулин» 05.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Nikulin in ''[[Come Here, Mukhtar!]]'', 1965]]
Ekrana ilkinji gezek 1958-nji ýylda “Gitaraly gyz” filmi bilen çykdy. Esasan 1960-70-nji ýyllarda onlarça esasy aýratynlykda peýda boldy we Leonid Gaidai režissýorlyk eden gysga metražly filmler bilen uly üstünlik gazandy.

Ilkinji iki eser Gaidai, Dog Barbos we Unusual Cross we soňra Bootleggers (''[[Rusça]]: Samogonçiki'' ýa-da ''The Moonshine Makers'' , 1961) bilen Nikuliniň Georgi Witsin bilen birlikde “Üç Stooges” üçlüginde akmak keşbi hökmünde çykyş eden ýeri. Koward we Yevewgeniý Morgunow ýaly Pro. Öňki Sowet respublikalarynda jenaýat üçlügi baradaky meşhur film seriýasyndaky roly bilen tanalýar. Bu seriýa '''“Operation Y”''' we '''“Şurik”''' -iň beýleki başdan geçirmeleri we adam alyp gaçmagy, [[Kawkaz]] stili ýaly filmler girdi.<ref>{{cite web
 |language      = ru
 |url         = https://aif.ru/culture/person/samyy_lyubimyy_kloun_15_let_bez_nikulina
 |title       = Самый любимый клоун: 15 лет без Никулина
|trans-title=The Most Loved Clown
 |publisher   = Argumenti i Fakti
 |date        = 2012-08-21
 |access-date  = 2020-12-04
}}</ref>

Iň meşhur filmlerinde “The Diamond Arm ”, “On iki oturgyç”, “ Grandads-garakçylar ” komediýalary bar. Dramatiki zehini Andreý Tarkowskiniň Andreý Rublewdäki pajygaly rollarda we [[Ikinji jahan urşy]] temasyndaky birnäçe filmde (''Sergeý Bondarçukyň öz ýurdy üçin söweşenleri, Alekseý nemesiň ýigrimi gün söweşsiz'') filmlerinde özüni görkezdi.<ref name=1tv/><ref>{{cite web
 |language      = ru
 |url         =https://www.gazeta.ru/culture/photo/95_let_so_dnya_rozhdeniya_yuriya_nikulina.shtml
 |title       = 95 лет со дня рождения Юрия Никулина
|trans-title=95 Years since Yuri Nikulin Birthday
 |publisher   = Kultura Channel
 |date        = 2016-12-18
 |access-date  = 2020-12-04
}}</ref>

===Maşgala===
1949-njy ýylda Nikulin geljekki ýanýoldaşy Timirýazew oba hojalyk akademiýasynyň talyby Tatiana Pokroskaýa bilen tanyşdy. Tatýana sirkde Karandaşyň haýyşy boýunça bir möjek atyny getirdi. Şol gün repetisiýa wagtynda Tatýana Ýuriniň atyň üstünden ylgaýandygyna, sarsdyrylmagyna, süňküniň döwülmegine we gözüni ýitirip biljekdigine şaýat boldy. Tatýana öýlenip, alty aýyň içinde hassahana baryp gördi. Şondan bäri sirkde işläp başlady, köp oýunlaryna gatnaşdy, Nikulin we Şuidin bilen syýahat etdi. Tatýana Nikuliniň birnäçe filminde-de ownuk rol oýnaýar.<ref>{{cite web
 |language      = ru
 |url         = https://aif.ru/culture/person/yuriy_i_tatyana_nikuliny_istoriya_lyubvi
 |title       = Юрий и Татьяна Никулины. История любви
|trans-title=Yuri and Tatiana Nikulin:Love Story
 |publisher   = Argumenti i Fakti
 |date        = 2014-10-27
 |access-date  = 2020-12-04
}}</ref>
===Tswetnoýda Režissýorlyk===
Nikulin çäksiz hoşniýetlilik adamy hökmünde ýatlandy.<ref name=sun>{{cite web
 |language      =en
|author=Lally, K.
 |url         =https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1997-08-27-1997239003-story.html
 |title       = Tears for a king among clowns Appreciation: Yuri Nikulin, the man who managed to bring joy to a long-suffering people, is gone. Russians old and young mourn, and their bouquets and wreaths fill six trucks
 |work   =The Baltimore Sun
 |date        = 1997-08-27
 |access-date  = 2020-12-03
}}</ref> Režissýorlyk wezipesinde Köne sirki täzeden gurdy we pensiýa çykan sirk sungat işgärlerine we ýerine ýetirijilerine kömek etmek üçin esas döretdi. 
Ýuri Nikulin 1997-nji ýylyň 21-nji awgustynda aradan çykdy we [[Moskwa]]nyň Nowodewiçi gonamçylygynda jaýlandy.<ref>[http://www.kommersant.com/p761831/r_1/Boris_Yeltsin,_funeral Yeltsin's Last Meeting with the People] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303225408/http://www.kommersant.com/p761831/r_1/Boris_Yeltsin,_funeral/ |date=2016-03-03 }}, ''Kommersant Moscow'', kommersant.com; accessed 10 February 2018.</ref> Tswetnoý bulwaryndaky Moskwa sirkindäki ofisinde ogly Maksim üstünlik gazandy.<ref>{{cite web
 |language      = en
 |url         =https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/22/world/yuri-nikulin-is-dead-at-75-beloved-russian-master-comic.html
 |title       = Yuri Nikulin Is Dead at 75; Beloved Russian Master Comic
 |work   =The New York Times
 |date        = 1997-08-22
 |access-date  = 2020-12-03
}}</ref> Nikulin ölenden soň Tswetnoý bulwaryndaky Köne sirk onuň hormatyna üýtgedildi. Sirkiň öňünde Nikuline bürünç ýadygärlik goýuldy.
==Filmografiýa==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Ýyl
!Iňlisçe ady
!Asyl ady
!Rol
!Bellikler
|-
| 1958
| ''[[A Girl with Guitar]]''
| ''Девушка с гитарой''
| feýerwerk
|
|-
| 1959
| ''[[The Unamenables]]''
| ''Неподдающиеся''
| Wasiliý Klýaçkin
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|1960
| ''Yasha Toporkov''
|
| Prosha
|
|-
| ''[[Dead Souls (1960 film)|Dead Souls]]''
| ''Мёртвые души''
| Ofisiant
| Uncredited
|-
| rowspan="3"|1961
| ''[[My Friend, Kolka!]]''
| ''Друг мой, Колька!''
| Sürüji Wasia
|
|-
| ''[[The Man from Nowhere (1961 film)|Nowhere Man]]''
| ''Человек ниоткуда''
| polisiýa işgäri
|
|-
| ''[[Dog Barbos and Unusual Cross]]''
| ''Пёс Барбос и необычный кросс''
| Samsyk
| Short; a part of almanac ''[[Absolutely Seriously]]''
|-
| rowspan="3"|1962
| ''[[Bootleggers (1961 film)|Bootleggers]]''
| ''Самогонщики''
| Samsyk
| Short
|-
| ''[[When the Trees Were Tall]]''
| ''Когда деревья были большими''
| Kuzma Kuzmiç Iordanow
|
|-
| ''Molodo-zeleno''
| ''Молодо-зелено''
| Nikolaý, şofer
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|1963
| ''Bez strakha i upryoka''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Strictly Business (1962 film)|Strictly Business]]''
| ''Деловые люди''
| burglar
| (segmenti "Bütin dünýä kinosyny döredýär")
|-
| 1964
| ''Big [[Fitil]]''
| ''Большой фитиль''
| Petya-Petuşok ogry
|
|-
| rowspan="4"|1965
| ''[[Come Here, Mukhtar!]]''
| ''Ко мне, Мухтар!''
| polisiýa leýtenanty Glaziçýow
|
|-
| ''[[Give Me a Book of Complaints]]''
| ''Дайте жалобную книгу''
| satyjy
|
|-
| ''Fantazyory''
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Operation Y and Shurik's Other Adventures]]''
| ''Операция «Ы» и другие приключения Шурика''
| Samsyk
| (segment "Operatsiya Y")
|-
| rowspan="3"|1966
| ''[[Kidnapping, Caucasian Style]]''
| ''Кавказская пленница, или Новые приключения Шурика''
| Samsyk
|
|-
| ''[[Andrei Rublev (film)|Andrei Rublev]]''
| ''Андрей Рублёв''
| Patrikei
|
|-
| ''[[Little Fugitive (1966 film)|Little Fugitive]]''
| ''Маленький беглец''
| Kloun Nikulin
|
|-
| 1967
| ''[[Seven Old Men and a Girl]]''
| ''Семь стариков и одна девушка''
| Samsyk
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|1969
| ''Newbie''
| ''Новенькая''
| Yevgeniy Ivanovich
|
|-
| ''[[The Diamond Arm]]''
| ''Бриллиантовая рука''
| Semýon Semýonowiç Gorbunkow
|
|-
| 1970
| ''Deniska's Tales''
| ''Денискины рассказы''
|
|
|-
| 1971
| ''[[The Twelve Chairs (1971 film)|The Twelve Chairs]]''
| ''12 стульев''
| Garawul Tihon
|
|-
| rowspan="3"|1972
| ''[[Grandads-Robbers]]''
| ''Старики-разбойники''
| Nikolaý Mýaçikow
|
|-
| ''Telegram''
| ''Телеграмма''
| Fedor Fedorowiç
|
|-
| ''[[Point, Point, Comma...]]''
| ''Точка, точка, запятая…''
| Zhiltsov's kakasy
|
|-
| 1975
| ''[[They Fought for Their Country]]''
| ''Они сражались за Родину''
| Nekrasow
|
|-
| 1976
| ''Travka's Adventures''
| ''Приключения Травки''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|1977
| ''[[Twenty Days Without War]]''
| ''Двадцать дней без войны''
| Maýor Lopatin
|
|-
| ''Bobik Visiting Barbos''
| ''Бобик в гостях у Барбоса''
| Bobik / baba
| Short, Voice
|-
| rowspan="2"|1983
| ''I Don't Want To Be Adult''
| ''Не хочу быть взрослым''
| masgarabaz
|
|-
| ''[[Yeralash]]'' № 38
| ''Ералаш''
| Ýura Daýy
|
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Scarecrow (1984 film)|Scarecrow]]''
| ''Чучело''
| Nikolaý Bessoltsew, atasy
|
|-
| 1991
| ''Captain Crocus''
| ''Капитан Крокус''
| Awtory
| (introduction; final film role)
|}
==Hormatly atlar we baýraklar==
[[File:Юрий Никулин - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Nikuliniň Moskwadaky ýadygärligi]]
[[File:Yuri Nikulin 2021 stamp of Kyrgyzstan.jpg|thumb|Nikulin [[Gyrgyzystan]] 2021 belgisinde]]
*Sosialistik zähmetiň gahrymany (1990)
*"Watan hyzmatlary üçin" buýrugy , 3-nji synp (1996)
*Leniniň iki buýrugy (1980 we 1990)
*Watançylyk urşy ordeni , 2-nji synp
*Zähmetiň Gyzyl baýdagy ordeni
*Hormat nyşany ordeni
*Batyrlyk üçin medal
*Ukukowyň medaly
*"Zähmet batyrlygy üçin" medal
*"Leningrady goramak üçin" medal
*Medal "Beýik Watançylyk Urşunda 1941–1945-nji ýyllarda Germaniýadan üstün çykmak üçin"
*RSFSR-iň abraýly aýdymçysy (1963)
*RSFSR-iň halk aýdymçysy (1969)
*SSSR-iň halk aýdymçysy (1973)
*Wasiliýew doganlar RSFSR-iň döwlet baýragy (1970)
==Edebiýat==
*{{cite book
 |last=Razzakov
 |first=Fyodor
 |year=2016
 |title=Юрий Никулин. Смешное и трагическое
|language=ru
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWHQDQAAQBAJ&q=%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0&pg=PT4
 |publisher=Algoritm
 |isbn=978-5-906880-45-1
}} 
*{{cite book
 |last=Glushkova
 |first=V. G.
 |year=2011
 |title=Смоленская земля
|language=ru
|trans-title=Smolensk Land
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvCNCAAAQBAJ&q=%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0&pg=PT196
 |publisher=Veche
 |isbn=978-5-9533-4792-1
}} 
*{{cite book
 |last=Nikulin
 |first=Yuri
 |year=2009
|language=ru
 |title=Почти серьёзно...
|trans-title=Seriously. Almost...
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8efRAAAAQBAJ&q=%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0+%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B8+%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA%C2%BB&pg=PT527
 |publisher=Zebra-E
 |isbn=978-5-1705-5586-4
}}
*{{cite book
 |last=Siemens
 |first=Elena
 |year=2011
 |title=Theatre in Passing: A Moscow Photo-Diary
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybmrDwAAQBAJ&q=nikulin+clown&pg=PA135
 |location=Chicago
 |publisher= Chicago Press
 |isbn=978-1-84150-374-5
}}
==Daşarky baglanyşyklar==
{{Commons category|Yuri Nikulin}}
* [http://russia-ic.com/culture_art/theatre/335/ Great Russian Clown Yuri Nikulin]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nikulin, Yuri}}
==Salgylanmalar==
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